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[Megawatt]

J-8 Finback

J-8 Finback Specifications

Primary Function: Intercept
Contractor: People's Republic of China (PRC) -- Shenyang
Crew: One
Unit Cost: N/A

Powerplant
  Two Wopen 13A-II turbojets rated at 14,815 lbst thrust

Dimensions
Length: 70 ft 10 in (21.6 m)
Wingspan: 30 ft in ( 9.3 m)
Height: 17 ft 9 in ( 5.4 m)

Weights
Empty: 21,600 lb (9,820 kg)
Maximum Takeoff: 39,200 lb (17,800 kg)
 
Performance
Speed: 1,450 mph (2,340 km/h / Mach 2.2)
Ceiling: 18-20,000 meters
Range: 700 nm (1300 km) cruise radius

Armament
  Two 23mm Cannon; one underfuselage hardpoint; six underwing hardpoints for fuel, bombs, rockets, or missiles; drop tanks

Service Life
First Flight: July 5, 1969 (prototype)
April 24, 1981 (J-8I prototype)
June 12, 1984 (J-8II prototype)
March 31, 1996 (J-8IIM prototype)
End of Service: N/A
Number Built: [~130 total]

J-8 Finback Achievements

No major achievements known
 

J-8 Finback Photos

[Megawatt]

J-10 Multirole Fighter aircraft

The Jian-10 (J-10) is the multirole fighter aircraft developed for the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) as the four-generation indigenous fighter aircraft. The main contractors are Aircraft Design Institute and Chengdu Aircraft Industry Corporation (CAC) located in the suburb of Chengdu, Sihcuan Province. The aircraft competed its flight trails in 2002 and the delivery of 50 initial production variant J-10 fitted with a Russian-made AL-31F engine reportedly began in 2003. The two-seat fighter-trainer variant J-10B made first flight in December 2003.

SPECIFICATIONS

Crew: 1 (basic variant); 2 (fighter-trainer variant)
Dimensions: N/A
Weight: N/A
Max Speed: Mach 1.2 (sea-level) or Mach 2.0 (high altitude)
Range: Combat radius over 550km
Service Ceiling: N/A
Max Climb Rate: N/A
G Limit: N/A

DESIGN

The J-10 is single-engine fighter with a rectangle belly air intake, low-mounted delta wings, and front canard wings. The design is aerodynamically unstable, to provide a high level of agility, low drag and enhanced lift. The pilot controls the aircraft through a computerised digital fly-by-wire (FBW) system, which provides artificial stabilisation and gust elevation to give good control characteristics throughout the flight envelope. The J-10 is also the first Chinese-made fighter to be fitted with a large two-piece bubble canopy to give the pilot a better view in close air combat. If necessary, the aircraft could also be fitted with an in-flight refuelling probe.

COCKPIT

The J-10 is available as a single-seat or two-seat multirole fighter. It is the first Chinese indigenous combat aircraft to be fitted with a ‘glass cockpit’, which features three flat-panel liquid crystal multifunction displays (MFD), including a colour one and two black-and-white ones. The cockpit is also equipped with a wide field-of-view head-up display (HUD).

It is very likely that the pilot is equipped with the helmet-mounted sight (HMS). It is not know whether the HMS is the basic Ukrainian Arsenel HMS copied by China's Luoyang Avionics, or a new helmet display featured briefly at the 2000 Zhuhai Air Show.

The pilot manipulates the J-10 by the Iron Bird quadruplex (four channels) digital fly-by-wire (FBW) system. The pilot is also aided by advanced autopilot and air data computer.

RADAR

The J-10 is reported to be fitted with an indigenous KLJ-3 pulse-Doppler fire-control radar developed by Nanjing Research Institute of Electronic Technology (also known as 14th Institute). The KLJ-3 radar, which might be based on early variant AN/APG-66/68 technology, is said to have a maximum detecting range of 100~130km (attacking range 80~90km), and is capable of engaging two targets simultaneously. The radar system was tested on a Y-7 aerial radar testbed before being fitted on the J-10.

Russian company Phazotron is prompting its Zhuk-10PD, a version of the system in later Su-27s, with 160km search range and ability to track up to six targets. Israel has also offered its Elta EL/M-2035 radar for competition.

For low-level navigation and precision strike, a forward-looking infrared and laser designation pod is likely to be carried F-16-style on an inlet stores station. A Chinese designed pod similar to the Israeli Rafael Litening was revealed at the 1998 Zhuhai air show.

POWERPLANT

The initial low-rate production J-10s are powered by the Russian Lyulka-Saturn AL-31F turbofan rated at 17,857lb (79.43kN) dry and 27,557lb st (122.58kN) with afterburning. The same powerplant is also being used by Chinese air force's Su-27s and Su-30s. Lyulka-Saturn reportedly delivered 54 AL-31F turbofan engines to China between 2002 and 2004. These are the AL-31FN model with special modifications to be fitted in the J-10.

Shenyang-based AVIC1 Aviation Engine Institute is also developing its own WS-10A (commercial name 'Taihang') turbofan powerplant, and it could be fitted on the later versions of the J-10.

In 2005, China has reportedly ordered additional 100 improved model AL-31F engines with increased thrust and possibly all-aspect thrust vector control (TVC), which will further enhance the aircraft's manoeuvrability.

WEAPONS

The fixed weapon on the J-10 includes a single-barrel 23mm internal cannon. The aircraft also has 11 stores stations - six under the wing and five under the fuselage. The inner wing and centre fuselage stations are plumped to carry external fuel tanks.

The aircraft carries a range of air-to-air and air-to-ground weapons for different mission profiles. For interception and air-superority mission, the aircraft carries the indigenous PL-12 active radar-homing air-to-air missile and the PL-8 infrared-homing short-range air-to-air missile. The fire-control radar may also be configured to fire Russian-made AAMs such as R-73 (AA-11) and R-77 (AA-12).

For ground attack missions, the J-10 will carry laser-guided bombs, YJ-8K or YJ-82K anti-ship missile, as well as various unguided bombs and rockets. Some missiles currently under development such as the YJ-9 (Kh-31) ramjet-powered anti-radiation missile may also be carried by the J-10.

HISTORY

Oct 1986   J-10 project started
1998   Maiden flight successful
1999   Six prototypes produced
20 Dec 1999   Design completed. The six prototypes were transferred to Yanliang-based CFTE for flight test
2000 Q1    Intensive flight test began
2002 Q3   Flight test was relocated to a newly built airbase in the Gebi Desert
2003 Q1    Radar test conducted onboard a Y-8 radar testbed in Shandong Province 
2003 Q3    First successful aerial refuelling simulation
2003 Q4    First successful PL-12 MRAAM test fire
2004 Q1    Development completed with the design certificated issued 

[Megawatt]

Su-30MKK/MK2 Multirole fighter aircraft

The Sukhoi Su-30MKK (NATO codename: Flanker) is the two-seat, twin-engine multirole fighter aircraft developed from the Su-27 fighter. The aircraft was developed by Russian Sukhoi Design Bureau and built by KnAAPO in Komsomolsk-na-Amur. The PLA Air Force (PLAAF) acquired two batches totaling 76 Su-30MKKs between 2000 and 2003. The third batch, which consisted of 24 examples of the upgraded Su-30MKK2 variant, was delivered to the PLA Naval Air Force (PLANAF) in August 2004. The Su-30MKK series is the most capable combat aircraft in service with the PLA.

SPECIFICATIONS

Dimensions: Wingspan 14.7m; Length 21.94m; Height 6.36m
Weight: Normal take-off 24,900kg; Max take-off 34,500kg
Max combat load: 8,000kg
Max internal fuel capacity: 9,720kg
Max Speed: Mach 2.0
Low-Level Speed: 1,350km/h
Ferry Range: 3,000km (Without in-flight refuelling) or 5,600 km (One in-flight refuelling) or 7,000km (Two in-flight refuellings)
Near-Ground Range: 1,270km
Combat Radius: 1,500km (normal altitude, with internal tanks only)
Service Ceiling: 17,300m
Max Climb Rate: 18,300m/min (sea level)
G Limit: -3 to +9
Runway: Normal take-off weight 550m; Max take-off weight: 750m

POWERPLANT

The Su-30MKK is powered by two AL-31F turbofan engines, designed by the Lyulka Engine Design Bureau (NPO Saturn). Each engine is rated at 17,857 lb (79.43kN) dry and 27,557 lb st (122.58kN) with afterburning.

COUNTERMEASURES

The detailed information on the PLAAF Su-30MKK's electronic countermeasures suite is unknown, but it can be expected that the aircraft has similar, if not better, ECM/EW capabilities as the Su-27SKs in service with the PLAAF. The Su-30MKK has been seen carrying the wingtip active multi-mode jammer pods, possibly an upgraded variant of that carried on the Su-27.

WEAPONS

A 30 mm GSh-301 cannon is fitted internally with 150 rounds of ammunition. 10 hardpoints (4 under fuselage, 4 under wings, and 2 on wingtips) are available to carry payload of up to 8,000kg.

For air-to-air missions, the aircraft could carry 6 R-77 (AA-12 Adder) active radar-homing medium-range air-to-air missiles (MRAAMs) and 4 R-73E (AA-11 Archer) IR homing short-range air-to-air missiles (SRAAMs). Alternatively the aircraft could carry two R-73 SRAAMs and 2 wingtip ECM pods.

For air interdiction (AI) missions, the aircraft could carry Kh-29T (AS-14A Kedge) TV-guided air-to-surface missile (ASM), Kh-59 (AS-13 Kingbolt) command guided ASM, Kh-59ME (AS-18 Kazoo) TV-guided air-to-surface missile, and KAB-500Kr or KAB-1500Kr TV-guided bombs.The aircraft can also carry a range of Russian-made unguided bombs.

For suppression of enemy air defence (SEAD) mission, the aircraft could use: Kh-31P (or its Chinese copy YJ-91) ramjet anti-radiation missile (ARM). The Su-30MK2 can also launch the Kh-31A anti-ship missile.

SENSORS

The Su-30MKK is equipped with a NIIP Tikhomirov N001VE (N001VEP on the Su-30MK2) coherent pulse Doppler radar with track-while-scan and look-down/shoot-down capability. The range of the radar against 3-square-metre targets is 110km in the forward hemisphere and 40km in the rear hemisphere. The radar has the capacity to search, detect and track up to ten targets with automatic threat assessment and proritisation.

The Su-30MKK is fitted with a OEPS-31E-MK forward-looking infrared/electro-optic and laser designation system derived from the OEPS-27 onboard the Su-27 with better performance. The system includes an infrared search-and-track (IRST) sensor collimated with a laser rangefinder.

The improved Su-30MKK2 fighter is reportedly fitted with a UOMZ Sapsan-E forward-looking infrared/electro-optic targeting and laser designation system, which represents the enhanced precision attack capability of the Su-30MKK2.

For better close air combat performance, the pilot is assisted by a holmet-mounted sight (HMS).

PROGRAMME

Negotiations between China and Russia over the purchase of the Su-30MK multirole fighter began in 1996, with an initial deal of 38 aircraft valued at about US$2 billion signed in August 1999. The variant specially configured according to the requirements of the PLAAF was designated Su-30MKK (Mnogofunktzionniy Komercheskiy Kitayski — Multifunctional Commercial for China).

In December 2000 the PLAAF 3rd Aviation Division based at Wuhu AFB, Anhui Province received the first batch of 10 aircraft from KnAAPO, with the rest delivered by the end of 2001. A second batch of 38 more aircraft was ordered in the July 2001 China-Russia leader summit meeting, and these aircraft were delivered in 2003. They are operated by the PLAAF 18th Air Division based at Changsha AFB, Hunan Province.

A development of the Su-27 air superiority fighter, the two-seat Su-30MKK strike fighter made its maiden flight in 1993. It is the first PLAAF fighter aircraft with true ‘multirole’ capability. Comparing to the single-mission Su-27, the Su-30MKK can deliver a range of Russian-made precision guided air-to-ground weapons in all-weather, day/night conditions, and to use advanced air-to-air weapons such as the active radar-homing Vympel R-77 (NATO codename: AA-12 Adder) medium-range AAM. The aircraft is also fitted with sophisticated electronic countermeasures (ECM) and C4ISR suites for target acquisitions and weapon guidance.

The Su-30MKK inherited the superior aerodynamic performance from its ancestor Su-27, outperforming most of Western designed fighter aircraft in close-in air combat. The aircraft has two sets of flight and weapon controls to allow either crew member to fly the aircraft or guide weapons. Both cockpits have two large colour multifunctional displays (MFD), and the pilots can utilise helmet-mounted sight (HMS) to guide the short-range AAM. As a strike fighter, the Su-30MKK possesses an impressive combat radius of 1,600km without any refuelling. These aircraft also has retractable refuelling probe as standard configure. Once the PLAAF acquires the IL-78 refuelling tanker from Russia, the fighter’s radius can be extended to 2,600km with one refuelling, or 3,500km with another. If also combined with AWACS aircraft, the Su-30MKK approaches the capability of the U.S. F-15E Strike Eagle.

With multiple in-flight refuelling, the Su-30MKK taking-off from inland airbases in China conceivably could conduct air strikes as far away as Guam, Australia, or the Indian Ocean, or be able to loiter for significant periods over contested areas of the South China Sea. According to Russian sources, the PLAAF has requested the Su-30MKK with structure reinforced to enable the maximum rake-off weight to be increased to 34.5t, comparing to 30.5t for the original version Su-30 and 33.5t for the Su-30MKI designed for the Indian Air Force. The PLAAF has reportedly asked for a limited number of the planes to have the capability of further increasing take-off weight to 38.8t. The plane will then be capable of transporting 8t of weapons and supplementary fuel tanks in operations.

SU-30MKK2

In January 2003, China signed the contract with the Russian state-owned trading company Rosoboronexport for the purchase of the third batch of Su-30MK fighters. The new order came to 24 planes in the latest Su-30MKK2 variant, which is tailored for the PLA Naval Air Force (PLANAF) with enhanced anti-ship strike capability. The delivery of these aircraft were reported to have been completed by August 2004.

The testing of two prototypes of the Su-30MK2 began around early 2002. Compared to the MKK version in service
with the PLAAF, the Su-30MK2 features an improved precision-attack capability and an entirely new C4ISTAR (command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition and reconnaissance) role not previously hinted at. The aircraft’s new N001VEP fire-control radar is specifically modified to launch the Kh-31 (NATO codename: Kh-17A Krypton-A) long-range supersonic anti-ship missile.

SU-30MKK3

Sukhoi Design Bureau is currently developing the Su-30MK3 fighter, which features a new fire-control radar and an improved version of the AL-31 engine. Possible radar options may include the aforementioned Phazotron Zhuk-MS and a new active phased array radar called the “Panda” being developed by the Tikomirov Bureau. This radar could have a 190km range against airborne targets, or 300km against surface ships. Either radar would be able to support usage of the Kh-59MK air-to-surface missile. However, it is not clear whether the PLA would be interested in acquiring any of this model.

[chabos4]

χαχα!

MIG rules!

Αν είχαμε MIG δεν θα χάναμε 1 αερομαχία στις 40 αλλά 1 στις 1000!
Μας φορτώσανε την αμερικανική σαβούρα....  φτου!
Με τα ρωσικά TOR M1 και S-300 έχουν χάσει τον ύπνο τους, φανταστείτε να είχαμε και ανάλογα μαχητικά...

Βασικά χάμπος mig μπορουσαμε να είχαμε μόνο μετά το 90 όπου έπεσε το σοβιετικο μπλοκ,ή 95 και μετά αφού μας είχε φύγει η καχυποψία...................

Μιλάω για μετά το '96 και τα άπειρα λεφτά που έχουν πέσει για την εθνική άμυνα από τότε.
Τουλάχιστον παραμένουμε ισχυροί αφού δεν μας κυρήττουν τον πόλεμο οι κουμπάροι...

[Megawatt]

J-12

China's Jian-12 or J-12 (F-12 for foreign markets) is 5th generation multirole jet due to fly by 2012 and enter service by 2015. It has been codenamed XXJ by US's Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI). J-12 is destined to be China's top-end fighter along with the Su-30MKK when it will be introduced.

For now, China's top-end plane remains J-10, which is basically an Israeli airframe with Russian engines. It is still under development and it is expected that Russian content will increase extensively as the development progresses.

China has developed close ties with Russia's aerospace industry and has license produced many fighters including MiG-21 and Su-27. Their FC-1/Super 7 design is based on MiG-33 (which was rejected by Soviet Air Force). Earlier Chinese planes are the Q-5 Fantan, J-8 Finback and FBC-1. The FBC-1 was their latest attempt, and was'nt successful - the Su-27 filled in for it. Considering their track record, it may well be possible that the J-12 ends up being a re-christened MiG MFI. MAPO-MIG is already involved in the J-10 program. MFI is one of the world's 5th generation designs. However, considering the project's timeframe, it seems unlikely (they would'nt need 15 years to do this).

MiG's MFI project, (project 1.42) was first unveiled to the public in 1999. The production of this promising design unforunately was cancelled due to lack of funds.

Not much is known about J-12 right now - the aircraft is still going through initial work. The project is at is where the USAF ATF (Advanced Tactical Fighter) Program, which lead to the F-22A, was in ~1983. Virtually everything is still wide open. Sources within combat aircraft manufacturer Chengdu confirm that it is looking at a twin-engined design and that they are examining both single and two crew configuration.

Stealthiness is an integral part of all new fighter designs and J-12 is no exception. The engines are most likely to be Russian with Thrust Vectoring. Stealth and thrust vectoring are two features that are a must in all aircraft being designed today. Interestingly, Chinese aircraft designers will actually perform a 'generation leap' if J-12 goes into service with PLAAF. All aircraft produced in China before (apart from licenced Su-27) have been 3rd generation aircraft. Chengdu will have to take Western/Israeli/Russian help to make J-12 truly 5th generation.

J-12's immediate rival will be India's MCA (Medium Combat Aircraft). It too is expected to be a 5th generation aircraft. While the fate of MCA is not clear, J-12 is probably under active development.

China has been offered 'joint development and production' of a new 5th generation fighter by Russia . Russia has been trying to sell this concept both to China and India for some time, but neither of them as committed fully - yet. The PAK FA will 'counter' America's second 5th gen Joint Strike Fighter [JSF]. As of now it seems that India will be Russia's partner but no deals have been signed yet. Please see our MCA page for more info.

Note: The J-12 designation was previously applied to an aircraft built at Nanchang in the late 1970s, with only one or two airframes being constructed prior to the program's cancellation.

[auroraTM]

όντως χάμπος αλλά ξέρεις πως λειτουργούν αυτά..................
έδω παν να μας πασάρουν εκτός από το JSF(μακάρι να μας πάσαραν το F-22 αλλά είναι ακριβό παιχνιδάκι 180εκ$ το ένα αεροσκάφος !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! )

Μακάρι να λογικευτούμε.....................!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

[Megawatt]

IL-76 Candid (A-50 Mainstay)

Il-76 Candid (A-50 Mainstay) Specifications

Primary Function: Military freighter / tanker / AEW&C platform
Contractor: Ilyushin
Crew: N/A
Unit Cost: N/A

Powerplant
  Four PNPP Soloviev D-30KP turbofans each rated at 26,455lb (117.68 kN)

Dimensions
Length: 152ft 10.25in (46.59m)
Wingspan: 165ft 8in (50.5m)
Height: 48ft 5in (14.76m)

Weights
Empty: N/A
Maximum Takeoff: 374,780lb (170000kg)

Performance
Speed: 528mph (850km/h - mach 0.8 )
Ceiling: 50,855ft (15500m)
Range: N/A
 
Armament
  IL-76M - rear turret with gunner & twin radar-directed NR-23 23-m cannon

Il-76 Candid (A-50 Mainstay) Achievements

The IL-76 Candid lead to various breakthrough aircraft, including the A-50 and IL-78 Midas.

Il-76 Candid (A-50 Mainstay) Photos

[Megawatt]

XB-70 Valkyrie

XB-70 Valkyrie Specifications

Primary Function: Initial mission was as mach 3 bomber, reassigned as test bed to test principles of compression lift.
Contractor: North American
Crew: Two (Pilot, co-pilot)
Unit Cost: N/A

Powerplant
  Six (6) General Electric YJ93-GE-3 turbojet engines. Each engine capable of producing up to 31,000 lb (14,060 kg) thrust (with afterburner).

Dimensions
Length: 196 ft, 0 in (59.74 m)
Wingspan: 105 ft, 0 in (32.00 m)
Height: 30 feet

Weights
Empty: Over 450,000 pounds
Loaded: 534,700 lbs. loaded

Performance
Speed: 2,056 mph. (Mach 3.1) at 73,000 ft.
Ceiling: 77,350 ft.
Range: Intercontinental

Armament
  None

XB-70 Valkyrie Achievements

The XB-70 was one of the world's most exotic aircraft.
Used a phenomenon called compression lift, which is caused from the shock wave generated by the airplane flying supersonically supporting part of the aircraft's weight.
 

XB-70 Valkyrie Photos

[Megawatt]

X-35 Joint Strike Fighter

X-35 Joint Strike Fighter Specifications

Primary Function: Strike fighter [Conventional Takeoff and Landing]
Contractor: Lockheed-Martin
Crew: One
Unit Cost (FY94$) $28M

Powerplant
  One Pratt & Whitney F119-PW-100 derivative from F-22 Raptor

Dimensions
Length: 45 feet
Wingspan: 36 feet
Height: N/A

Weights
Empty: 22,500 lbs
Maximum Takeoff: 50,000 lbs

Performance
Speed: supersonic
Ceiling: N/A
Combat Radius: over 600 nautical miles

Armament
  N/A
 

X-35 Specifications

Primary Function: Strike fighter [Short Takeoff and Vertical Landing]
Contractor: Lockheed-Martin
Crew: One
Unit Cost (FY94$) $35M

Powerplant
  One Pratt & Whitney F119-PW-100 derivative from F-22 Raptor

Dimensions
Length: 45 feet
Wingspan: 36 feet
Height: N/A

Weights
Empty: 22,500 lbs
Maximum Takeoff: 50,000 lbs

Performance
Speed: supersonic
Ceiling: N/A
Combat Radius: over 600 nautical miles

Armament
  N/A
 
 

X-35 Specifications

Primary Function: Strike fighter [Carrier-based]
Contractor: Lockheed-Martin
Crew: One
Unit Cost (FY94$) $38M

Powerplant
  One Pratt & Whitney F119-PW-100 derivative from F-22 Raptor

Dimensions
Length: 45 feet
Wingspan: 30 feet
Height: N/A

Weights
Empty: 24,000 lbs
Maximum Takeoff: 50,000 lbs

Performance
Speed: supersonic
Ceiling: N/A
Combat Radius: over 600 nautical miles

Armament
  N/A

X-35 Joint Strike Fighter Achievements

No known major achievements
 

X-35 Joint Strike Fighter Photos

[Megawatt]

B-52 Stratofortress

B-52 Stratofortress Specifications

Primary Function: Heavy bomber
Contractor: Boeing Military Airplane Co.
Crew: Five (aircraft commander, pilot, radar navigator, navigator and electronic warfare officer)
Unit Cost: $53.4 million

Powerplant
  Eight Pratt & Whitney engines TF33-P-3/103 turbofan (up to 17,000 pounds each)

Dimensions
Length: 159 feet, 4 inches (48.5 meters)
Wingspan: 185 feet (56.4 meters)
Height: 40 feet, 8 inches (12.4 meters)

Weights
Empty: 185,000 lb (83,250 kilograms)
Maximum Takeoff: 488,000 pounds (219,600 kilograms)

Performance
Speed: 650 miles per hour (Mach 0.86)
Ceiling: 50,000 feet (15,151.5 meters)
Range: Unrefueled 8,800 miles (7,652 nautical miles)

Armament
  Approximately 70,000 pounds (31,500 kilograms) mixed ordnance -- bombs, mines and missiles. (Modified to carry air-launched cruise missiles, Harpoon anti-ship and Have Nap missiles.) 

Service Life
First Flight: April 15, 1952 (YB-52)
August 5, 1954 (B-52A)
January 25, 1955 (B-52B)
March 9, 1956 (B-52C)
End of Service: N/A
Number Built: [744 total]

B-52 Stratofortress Achievements

The B-52 is capable of dropping or launching the widest array of weapons in the U.S. inventory.
The B-52 made the longest strike mission in the history of aerial warfare during the Gulf War, flying 35 hours non-stop.

B-52 Stratofortress Features

  In a conventional conflict, the B-52 can perform strategic attack, air interdiction, offensive counter-air and maritime operations. During Desert Storm, B-52s delivered 40 percent of all the weapons dropped by coalition forces. It is highly effective when used for ocean surveillance, and can assist the U.S. Navy in anti-ship and mine-laying operations. Two B-52s, in two hours, can monitor 140,000 square miles (364,000 square kilometers) of ocean surface.

  All B-52s are equipped with an electro-optical viewing system that uses platinum silicide forward-looking infrared and high resolution low-light-level television sensors to augment targeting, battle assessment, and flight safety, thus further improving its combat ability and low-level flight capability.

  Pilots wear night vision goggles (NVGs) to enhance their vision during night operations. Night vision goggles provide greater safety during night operations by increasing the pilot's ability to visually clear terrain, avoid enemy radar and see other aircraft in a covert/lights-out environment.

  Starting in 1989, on-going modifications incorporates the global positioning system, heavy stores adapter beams for carrying 2,000 pound munitions, and a full array of advance weapons currently under development. The use of aerial refueling gives the B-52 a range limited only by crew endurance. It has an unrefueled combat range in excess of 8,800 miles (14,080 kilometers). The aircraft's flexibility was evident in Operation Desert Storm and again during Operations Allied Force. B-52s struck wide-area troop concentrations, fixed installations and bunkers, and decimated the morale of Iraq's Republican Guard. The Gulf War involved the longest strike mission in the history of aerial warfare when B-52s took off from Barksdale Air Force Base, La., launched conventional air launched cruise missiles and returned to Barksdale -- a 35-hour, non-stop combat mission. .

  During Operation Allied Force, B-52s opened the conflict with conventional cruise missile attacks and then transitioned to delivering general purpose bombs and cluster bomb units on Serbian army positions and staging areas.

B-52 Stratofortress Background

  The B-52 first entered service in June 1955, now only 2 versions remain in service with its successor, ACC. A total of 193 J57 powered B-52G were built with integral wing tanks and short fin, and armed with four 0.50-in machine guns. In desert Storm, all missions were assigned to the G model, operating as free-fall bombers. The B-52G is well protected by numerous ECM systems, and 2 under nose 'blisters' house LLLTV and FLIR sensors - used with the terrain avoidance radar to provide low-level penetration capability. Some B-52 were used in many aircraft testing as motherships to carry them up to testing altitude, such as the X-15 program.

B-52 Stratofortress Photos

[Megawatt]

Saab 39 Gripen

Saab 39 Gripen Specifications

Primary Function: Multi-role fighter
Contractor: Saab
Crew: N/A
Unit Cost: N/A

Powerplant
  One General Electric/Volvo Flygmotor RM12 afterburning turbofan, 18,100 lb thrust

Dimensions
Length: 46 ft 3 in (14.1 m)
Wingspan: 27 ft 7 in (8.4 m)
Height: 14 ft 9 in (4.5 m)

Weights
Empty: 14,600 lb
Maximum Takeoff: 27,560 lb

Performance
Speed: 1,321 mph (2,126 km/h)
Ceiling: 50,000 ft
Range: N/A

Armament
  One Mauser BK27 27mm cannon, plus up to 14,330 lb including Rb74/AIM-120 AAMs, Rb15F/Rb75 ASMs, free-fall bombs, rockets, DWS 39 submunition dispensor weapons, recce/sensor pods, and fuel tanks on eight external points

Saab 39 Gripen Achievements

The Saab 39 will act as Sweeden's first class jet fighter.
The Gripen is arguably the first fourth-generation fighter to enter service.
 

Saab 39 Gripen Photos

[Megawatt]

Ka-50 Hokum

Ka-50 Hokum Specifications

Primary Function: Anti-armor helicopter
Contractor: Kamov
Crew: One (Two in Ka-52)
Unit Cost: N/A

Powerplant
  Two Klimov TV3-117VK turboshaft rated at 2,226 shp (1660kW) each

Dimensions
Fuselage Length: 44 ft, 3.5 in (13.5 m) -- excluding gun and probe
Rotor Diameter: 45 ft, 6.9 in (14.5 m)
Height: 17 ft, 8.6 in (5.4 m)

Weights
Empty: 7,692 kg
Maximum Takeoff: 16,534 lb (7,500 kg)

Performance
Speed: 188kt (350km/h / 217 mph)
Ceiling: 13,125 ft (4000m)
Combat Radius: 135nm (250km / 155 mi)

Armament
  One 2A42 30-mm cannon; up to 16 AT-9 Vikhr anti-armor missiles; AS-12 'Kegler' guided missiles; 80 S-8 80mm rockets;AAM and ARMs

Ka-50 Hokum Achievements

No known major achievements

Ka-50 Hokum Photos

[Megawatt]

Shuttle Columbia

Shuttle Columbia Specifications

Primary Function: Orbiter Vehicle (OV-102) -- lost February 1, 2003 on re-entry
Contractor: Various; Rockwell International’s Space Transportation Systems Division
Crew: Up to eight
Unit Cost: N/A

Powerplant
  Three main engines running on liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen propellant, rated at 512,950 lb thrust each; two solid, reusable rocket boosters rated at 3,300,000 lb each at launch, running on aluminum powder, iron oxide, and ammonium perchlorate powder.

Dimensions
Length: 121 ft
Wingspan: 78 ft
Height: 57 ft

Weights
Empty: 158,289 lb (71,799 kg)
With main engines: 178,000 lb (80,740 kg)

Performance
Speed: 17,500 mph -- typical orbit
Ceiling: N/A
Range: N/A
 
Armament
  N/A
 

Shuttle Columbia Achievements

Shuttle Columbia was the first shuttle to fly, and flew the first five shuttle missions.
Shuttle Columbia was the first shuttle used to deploy a commercial satellite.
 

Shuttle Columbia Photos

[Megawatt]

Buran Orbiter

Buran Orbiter Specifications

Primary Function: Orbiter Vehicle (Russian)
Contractor: Korolev
Crew: Optimum crew of 4; maximum crew of 10
Unit Cost: Launch vehicle development approx. $39 million US

Powerplant
  Lox/Kerosene fueled Energia rocket engine (cluster) rated at 7,898,861 pounds of thrust overall

Dimensions
Length: 119 ft
Wingspan: 78.48 ft
Height: 53.64 ft (w/ gear)

Weights
Empty: 92,610 lb (42,000 kg) -- total structure
Max. payload weight: 66,150 lb (30,000 kg)

Performance
Speed: Around Mach 25
Ceiling: N/A
Range: N/A

Armament
  N/A
 

Buran Orbiter Achievements

The Buran was the first reusable manned space vehicle in Russia.
The Buran can put up to 30 tons of payload into space and return up to 20 tons to Earth.
The Buran was the first spaceplane to automatically land.
The Energia engines can launch 120 tons into orbit as opposed to 30 tons for the Space Shuttle.
 

Buran Orbiter Photos

[Megawatt]

An-72 Coaler transport

An-72 Coaler Specifications

Primary Function: Medium-transport, STOL . The An-72 Coaler is designed as a short takeoff and landing aircraft which can operate from unprepared airfields.
Contractor: Antonov
Crew:  An-72 flightcrew of two pilots and a flight engineer, An-74 has provision for a radio operator. Can carry a payload of 10 tonnes (22,045lb). An-72 can also seat 68 on removable seats. An-72P - Crew of five.
Unit Cost: N/A

Powerplant
  Two Lotarev ZMKB Progress D-36 turbofans at 14,330 lb (63.7 kN) thrust each
 
Dimensions
Length: 87 ft 2 in (26.6 m)
Wingspan: 84 ft 9 in (25.8 m)
Height: 28 ft 5 in (8.65 m)

Weights
Empty: 41,997 lb (19,050 kg)
Maximum Takeoff(from a 18OOm/5900ft runway) : 76,060 lb (34,500 kg)
max TO from a 1000m (3280ft) runway 27,500kg (60,625lb)


Performance
Speed: 435.6 mph (705 km/h / 380kt)
Ceiling: 38,715 ft
Range: 2590 nm (4800 km) w/ max fuel & reserves
Alt. (m): 11000 m maximum
8000 m cruise

Armament
An-72P - One 23mm gun pod, a UB-23M rocket launcher under each wing and four 100kg (220lb) bombs carried internally. Improved development offered by IAI can carry the Griffin laser guided bomb

Service life
The first prototype flew on December 22, 1977, and the aircraft entered service in 1979.

The wings are high-mounted and back-tapered with blunt tips and a negative slant. Two turbofans are mounted in long pods mounted on top of the wings. Round air intakes extend from the front of the wings’ leading edges. The engines were placed on the leading edge of the wings to increase lift for STOL capability, with the jet exhausts blowing over titanium panels on the upper surface. The engine position also gives good Foreign Object Damage (FOD) protection. The fuselage is circular with round, solid nose, upswept rear section, and a flush cockpit. The rear fuselage has a hinged loading ramp with a rear fairing that slides backwards and up to clear the opening. Up to 7.5 tons can be airdropped, and there are folding side seats for 42 paratroops or 52 passengers.

The swept-back, untapered fin features back-tapered flats high-mounted on the fin forming a T.

The An-72P is a maritime patrol variant with bulged observation windows, liferaft provision, cameras as well as offensive armament, including underwing rocket pods, a podded cannon on the undercarriage sponson and bombs that can be mounted in the rear fuselage and dropped through the open rear ramp.

The An-72P maritime patrol aircraft meanwhile is based on the basic An-72 fuselage with a 23mm gun, rocket pods, four light bombs carried internally, day and night downward looking and oblique optical cameras and an optical TV sight. ln service with Ukraine, the An-72P is designed for close-in coastal surveillance. Antonov is now offering an improved development of the An-72P in conjunction with Israel Aircraft Industries. Changes include a glass cockpit, Elta EUM 2022A radar, Electro Optical day and night long range observation system and Elisra electronic warfare suite.

The most significant design feature of the An-72 and An-74 is the use of engine exhaust gases blown over the wing's upper surface to improve STOL performance and lift."

The An-74 derivative of the An-72 featured improved avionics and radar together with an extended wingspan and increased range. It was designed to operate in the polar regions where it can land on ice floes for resupply or rescue work. The An-71 AEW aircraft also featured the extended wingspan, along with a large radar dish on top of the tail.
 

An-72 Coaler Achievements

No known major achievements
 

An-72 Coaler Photos